| All chapters include "Chapter
Outline," "Chapter Summary," "Vocabulary
Review," "Names and Events to Remember,"
"Think about This," "Content Select."
Most chapters include "Careers in the System,"
"Diversity in the System," "Ethics in the
System," and "Criminal Justice in the World"
boxed features. |
 |
| I. INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL
JUSTICE |
|
| 1. Criminal Justice |
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Introduction: Fear, Terror, and the
Criminal Justice System.
Rioting and Crime in the 1960s and 1970s.
The New Challenge: WTC 9/11.
Law and Order versus Individual Rights.
What Is Terrorism?
Roles of the Criminal Justice System in the War on Terrorism.
Criminal Justice as an Academic Discipline.
Conclusion: A New Future for Criminal Justice. |
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| 2. The Criminal Justice
Process |
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Introduction: People and Processes
in Criminal Justice.
Counting Crime.
The Search to Define the Criminal Justice System.
Criminal Justice Models.
The Due Process Model.
Conclusion: Goals of Due Process. |
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| II. CRIME AND THE LAW |
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| 3. Criminal Behavior: Definitions
and Causes |
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Introduction: Early Thoughts on Criminal
Behavior.
Moral Perspectives.
Criminology.
Explanations of Criminal Behavior.
Biological Explanations.
Psychological Explanations.
Sociological Explanations.
Conclusion: Criminal Behavior is Learned. |
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| 4. Criminal Law: Control
Versus Liberty |
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Introduction: The Rule of Law.
The Making of Law.
Limits of the Law.
Elements of a Crime.
Defenses against Charges of Criminal Conduct.
Crimes by Law.
Conclusion: Criminal Law is a Pillar of Social Order. |
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| 5. Due Process and Police
Procedure |
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Introduction: Procedural Law and Oversight
of the Police.
Rules of Evidence.
Search and Seizure.
Other Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule.
Interrogations and Confessions.
Arrests.
Oversight of Police Practice and Procedure.
Prosecution of Police Officers.
Conclusion: Police Accountability. |
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| III. THE POLICE |
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| 6. Historical Development
of American Policing |
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|
Introduction: Life without the Police.
A Short History of the Evolution of Policing.
Roots of American Policing.
The English Response to Crime.
The Development of Policing in America.
Foundations of Modern American Policing,1900-1930.
Origins of Federal Law Enforcement.
Conclusion: Life with the Police. |
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| 7. Roles and Functions
of the Police |
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Introduction: Who are the Police?
Understanding Jurisdiction.
County Law Enforcement Agencies.
The City Police: "The Cops."
The State Police.
Special Police.
Federal Law Enforcement.
Conclusion: Decentralization and Society. |
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| 8. Police Professionalism
and the Community |
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Introduction: Impacts of Professionalism
on Policing.
Selection of Police Officers.
Training of Police Officers.
Policing Strategies.
Community Policing.
Professionalizing Influences on Police Departments. |
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| IV. THE COURTS |
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| 9. The Court System and
Adjudication Process |
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Introduction: The Court as the Hub
of the Criminal Justice System.
The Federal Court System.
Characteristics of the State Court System.
Lawyers and Judges.
Conclusion: The Judicial System as the Protector of Constitutional
Rights. |
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| 10. Courtroom Participants
and the Trial |
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Introduction: The Adjudication Process.
Jurisdiction.
Charges and Proceedings before Trial.
Preparation for the Criminal Trial.
Participants in the Criminal Trial.
The Criminal Trial.
Conclusion: The Trial: Justice Is the Goal. |
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| 11. Sentencing and Sanctions |
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Introduction: Convicted - Now What?
Purpose of Criminal Sanctions.
Sentencing.
Sanctions and the Mentally Ill Offender.
Sentencing Models.
Sentencing and the Death Penalty.
Conclusion: A Long Way to Go. |
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| V. CORRECTIONS |
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| 12. Jails and Prisons |
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Introduction: Imprisonment - A Modern
Invention.
Before Jails and Prisons.
Origins of Incarceration as Punishment.
Development of American Jails and Prisons.
Jails.
State Prisons.
Federal Prisons.
Private Jails and Prisons.
Conclusion: Prisons - The Human Cage. |
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| 13. Probation and Parole |
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Introduction: Why Early Release?
Defining Diversion, Probation, and Parole.
Origins of Probation.
Origins of Parole.
Supervision of Probation and Parole.
Conclusion: You can Lead a Horse to Water, But… |
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| 14. Prevention and Corrections
in the Community |
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Introduction: Why Intermediate Sentences?
The Failure of Incarceration to Prepare Offenders for
Reentry.
Concern for Community Safety.
Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections.
Reentry Programs: Preparing Offenders to take Responsibility.
Reentry Programs for Drug Offenders.
Conclusions: Try, Try Again. |
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| VI. ISSUES AND TRENDS IN
CRIMINAL JUSTICE |
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| 15. Challenges in the Criminal
Justice System |
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Introduction: Sources of Fear.
Violence.
Drugs: Medical Model versus Criminal Justice Model.
Offender Health Challenges.
Corporate Crime.
Technology and the Criminal Justice System.
Criminal Justice in the 21st Century: New, Improved, Bigger!
Conclusion: The Criminal Justice System as a Circle. |
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| Appendix: U.S. Constitution
and Bill of Rights |
|
