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Social Psychology II

MODULE TEST

  1. Expectations for behavior that become part of shared culture are known to social psychologists as

    normal functioning.
    the nominal fallacy.
    social cognition.
    social norms.

  2. True or False: The norm of social responsibility obligates us to protect those who are genuinely needy or dependent on us.

    True
    False

  3. Jerry leaps into a burning building to save his two cousins. When asked by reporters why he risked his life to save them, Jerry replied he just felt it was something he had to do. Evolutionary psychologists would attribute Jerry's behavior to

    the lemming effect,
    natural selection.
    the Kandinsky effect.
    kin selection.

  4. When Kitty Genovese was murdered in the presence of so many witnesses, social psychologists proposed a number of explanations for why people often fail to assist those in apparently obvious need of help. Which of the following is not a factor they proposed?

    diffusion of responsibility
    the bystander effect
    ethnocenrism
    fear for the potential helper's own safety

  5. In Darley and Batson's study on helping with seminary students as research participants, the researchers found that a key factor to noticing the rather obvious emergency was

    the amount of time before their scheduled talk.
    the amount of money paid seminary students for their participation.
    the strength of their religious conviction.
    the attractiveness of the pretend victim.

  6. Prejudice is to discrimination as _________ is to ________

    behavior. cognition
    affect, behavior
    affect, cognition
    cognition, behavior

  7. Researchers have found that people high in ethnocentrism are also high in

    political correctness.
    empathy.
    tolerance.
    authoritarianism.

  8. People scoring high in modern racism believe all of the following except

    discrimination is a thing of the past.
    the recent gains of blacks are undeserved.
    affirmative action is necessary to level the playing field.
    the tactics and demands of blacks are unfair.

  9. Cloaking anti-black statements in the language of the status quo and traditional values is known as

    symbolic representation.
    covert racism.
    Symbolism.
    symbolic racism.

  10. According to the frustration aggression theory, people are prejudiced and discriminate because they displace aggression from the true source of their frustration onto minorities or people with less power. Another term for their targets, with its origin in Hebrew tradition is

    first targets.
    Freshmen.
    scapegoats.
    ethnic minorities.

  11. According to the just world hypothesis,

    bad things happen to good people sometimes, but they happen to good people more frequently.
    good things happen to bad people and bad things happen to good people.
    good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people.
    good and bad are relative, so one cannot say who is a good or bad person, or what things are good and bad.

  12. Downward social comparison is a strategy for improving self-esteem by comparing oneself to others

    more fortunate.
    less fortunate.
    of equal fortune.

  13. In research by Mark Snyder and his colleagues on self-fulfilling prophecy, the researchers found that women on the other end of a telephone conversation

    were pretentious when the male research participants called.
    didn't act any differently to the male callers, regardless of which picture, attractive or unattractive, the men saw.
    reacted more "beautiful" when the male callers thought the females were beautiful than when the male callers thought the females were unattractive.
    acted like they were beautiful regardless of what kind of picture the male research participants saw.

  14. Cognitive theories of prejudice emphasize

    the role of defense mechanisms such as reaction formation.
    the roles of early socialization and childhood experience.
    the needs that prejudices fill for the individual.
    the pervasive, automatic, and even normal aspects of stereotypes

  15. Pure competition is to non-zero sum competition as ___________is/are to ______________.

    games, real world
    real world, games
    recreation, sport
    soccer, art