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Social Psychology I

MODULE TEST

  1. Conformity occurs when

    people refuse to change their behaviors or beliefs in opposition to real or imagined group pressure.
    people change their behaviors or beliefs in response to real or imagined group pressure.
    people individuate.
    people act contrary to expectation.

  2. Groups are said to exert informational influence on us when

    we ignore social norms and behave as we please.
    we judge success on our past experience.
    we use the opinions or actions of others as a guide to the "best" thing to do or say in an unfamiliar situation.
    we ignore the consequences of our behavior on others.

  3. In response to a survey describing his experimental procedure, Stanley Milgram had asked psychiatrists, college students, and middle-class adults how many research participants they believed would go all the way up to the 450 volt "danger" level. In response, the psychiatrists predicted that

    a majority would be sufficiently sadistic or antisocial to go that far.
    nobody would be sufficiently sadistic or antisocial to go that far.
    Milgram would be in jail in less than a week if he conducted the study.
    only a fraction of a percent of the population would be sufficiently sadistic or antisocial to go that far.

  4. One reason that participants of Stanley Milgram's study may have obeyed the experimenter, despite concern for the safety of the "learner" is the experimenter's

    charisma.
    threats to the participants' psychology grade if the participants failed to obey.
    bias.
    legitimate power.

  5. In his research on group decisions, James Stoner found that

    research participants were more willing to take risks when making decisions alone than in groups.
    research participants were more willing to take risks when making group decisions than when making individual decisions.
    research participants were equally likely to take risks in groups as when acting alone.
    in neither case were research participants willing to make risky decisions.

  6. Group members who protect other group members from contradictory views are referred to by social psychologists as

    body guards.
    offensive guards.
    mind guards.
    crossing guards.

  7. Personal theories we hold about how people behave and how social situations work are referred to as

    social norms.
    social schemas.
    social cognition.
    social plans.

  8. The findings of researchers studying cross-cultural variation in fundamental attribution error indicate that

    Americans make more fundamental attribution errors than the Chinese.
    Chinese make more fundamental attribution errors than Americans.
    both Americans and Chinese are equally likely to make fundamental attribution errors.
    neither the Chinese nor Americans make fundamental attribution errors.

  9. According to Fritz Heider's attribution theory, people attribute behavior to two different categories of causes. People attribute behavior to ________ causes when causes are found in the environment, whereas they attribute behavior to ________ causes when causes are found in the motives and dispositions of the person.

    internal, external
    internal, lateral
    external, internal
    external, central

  10. Studies of jury decision making have determined that jurors are less likely to find _________ defendants to be guilty, and tend to recommend less severe punishments for ________ defendants.

    physically unattractive, attractive
    physically attractive, unattractive
    physically attractive, attractive
    physically unattractive, unattractive

  11. Social psychologists refer to the kind of love that involves strong, sometimes overwhelming emotions and feelings of fascination with the other person as

    companionate love.
    seductive love.
    consummate love.
    passionate love.

  12. Couples scoring high on Rubin's "love scale" tend to

    argue more frequently about seemingly irrelevant things.
    criticize each other about petty habits.
    make more eye contact and gaze at each other for longer periods of time.
    make little eye contact.

  13. According to researchers, attitudes are measured on three dimensions: affect, behavior, and

    achievement.
    motivation.
    disposition.
    cognition.

  14. One reason attitudes often fail to predict behavior is

    often, attitude surveys ask general questions, but behaviors are measured at very specific levels.
    often, attitude surveys ask specific questions, but behaviors are inferred.
    often, attitude surveys ask specific questions, but behaviors are measured at very general levels.
    often, behaviors are measured at very general levels, but researchers fail to measure attitudes at all,

  15. Jason just returned from the auto dealer with his brand new sports car, not having shopped around before closing the purchase. Later on that evening, talking to a friend whose father works for an auto dealer, Jason learns that he significantly overpaid for the car. Instead of being angry with himself for acting impulsively, he convinces himself the price paid was justified because the dealer was local and had a good reputation. Social psychologists call Jason's reasoning

    normative influence,
    fundamental attribution error.
    cognitive dissonance.
    group cohesiveness.